The Department for Transport (DfT) said there could be checks "on some routes into or out of the UK" but did not disclose which routes were involved.
The advice is already being applied on some flights from the UK to the US.
The US announced new security measures last week, apparently in response to a terror threat.
American officials ordered some overseas airports with direct flights to the US to intensify screening of electronic devices.
British Airways said that customers flying to the United States faced being made to rebook if they were found in possession of an uncharged device.
The DfT has now issued updated guidelines, saying: "In line with the US advice, passengers on some routes into and out of the UK may now also be required to show that electronic devices in their hand luggage are powered up or face not being allowed to bring the device onto the aircraft.
The department said that "for obvious reasons" it would not elaborate on the routes affected.
"We will work with the aviation industry to minimise disruption as far as possible," the BBC quoted a DfT spokesman as saying.
Meanwhile, Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin said Britain faced "a constantly evolving threat from terrorism".
There was no change to the UK terror threat level, which remained at "substantial", he told parliament.
US officials said last week they were aware of a "credible" terrorist threat, but have not linked the security changes to any specific intelligence.
As well as mobile phones and laptops, the guidance set out by the DfT also includes a range of other electronic devices such as electrical shavers, travel irons, hairdryers, hair-straighteners and cameras or any other camera equipment.
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