Thousands waited in long lines in the rain-drenched park, hoping to be among the first to ride attractions such as a futuristic rollercoaster based on the "Tron" science fiction films.
The opening comes after tragedy struck Disney's resort in the US state of Florida, where an alligator killed a two-year- old child at the shore of a lake in the massive complex.
Walt Disney World said it had shut down all of its Florida resort beaches and marinas as a precaution after the incident.
Workers broke ground on the project in 2011 and the Shanghai Disney Resort now sprawls over 3.9 square kilometres on the city's outskirts, with a fairy-tale castle soaring over the horizon.
But the launch of the USD 5.5-billion resort, representing one of the biggest ever foreign investments in China, comes as growth in the world's second largest economy slumps to its lowest level in a quarter century.
Still, the world's most populous country is simply too big to ignore, Disney chairman and chief executive Bob Iger said.
Iger himself viewed the present site for the project, which is a cooperative venture with state-backed Shanghai Shendi Group, in 1999.
Speaking at an opening ceremony, he said: "This is one of the most exciting moments in the history of the Walt Disney Company."
Despite the economic slowdown, some changes over the past five years are in Disney's favour: the government's shift towards encouraging domestic consumption as the new driver of growth and relaxation of the strict "one child" family planning policy.
He forecast a "golden era" for tourism in China, which would help boost the economy. "I would like to call this rain a rain of US dollars or Renminbi."
Disney calculates there are 330 million people living within a three-hour journey of Shanghai who are potential customers.
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