The 48-year-old vice president of the small west African state, who was tried in absentia, was also given a suspended fine of USD 35 million by judges for embezzlement, money laundering, corruption and abuse of trust.
The case, which was sparked by two anti-corruption NGOs, is the first of three involving families of African leaders which campaigners hope signals a new willingness of French authorities to tackle money laundering.
"Every year billions of euros are embezzled to fund the profligate lifestyle of a few corrupt leaders abroad, particularly in France," anti-corruption group Transparency International said ahead of the ruling.
Obiang is estimated to have used France to launder 150 million euros in misappropriated funds.
His lawyers slammed the ruling as an "activist decision" and said they were considering an appeal, while some in his home country, an oil-rich but impoverished nation of around 750,000 people, thought the punishment was too lenient.
The judges said the ruling was meant "mainly as a warning" to the defendant.
They criticised France's central bank and the Societe Generale bank for their handling of Obiang's affairs, saying they had given him cause to think there was "a form of tolerance" in France for money laundering.
Speaking to AFP in the capital of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo, opposition lawmaker Placido Mico said the sentence had "not lived up to expectations."
The families of late Gabonese leader Omar Bongo and the Republic of Congo's President Denis Sassou Nguesso are also under investigation for embezzlement.
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