Erdogan has already dismissed the vote as having "no value" as it is non-binding, and as most European Union member states so far want to keep the Turkey talks on track.
But the motion, approved by a big majority, is a fresh blow to ties that have unravelled in the wake of the failed July 15 failed putsch and threatened a key migration deal between Brussels and Ankara.
MEPs voting in Strasbourg, France, said the parliament "strongly condemns the disproportionate repressive measures taken in Turkey since the failed military coup attempt".
The motion was approved by 479 votes to 37, with 107 abstentions.
A furious Erdogan said yesterday that "I want to say in advance from here and address the whole world watching on their TV screens - this vote has no value at all, no matter what result emerges."
"It is not possible for me to even digest the message that they want to deliver."
Turkey formally applied to become an EU member in 1987 and accession talks only began in 2005, even though Ankara's aspirations to become part of the bloc dates back to the 1960s.
While the vote will have no concrete effect as EU member states with the exception of Austria so far want to keep the accession process going, it is yet another blow to relations that seemed to be improving just months ago.
Brussels agreed to give visa free travel for Turks once it carried out key reforms and give more aid to Turkey, in exchange for Ankara cutting the number of refugees to the Greek islands.
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