The walkout was criticised by the enquiry committee and its chairman who said the attitude of the former president was "insulting".
Christofias insisted he be allowed to read a 25-page written statement before having to answer questions from the three-member panel about his part in Cyprus's financial meltdown.
He also wanted any questions to be put in writing as he wanted more time to respond.
"I'm not ready. I'm not just any witness. I feel like a defendant in the dock. I feel as if I have already been found guilty," Christofias said.
"Your attitude is insulting. Are you refusing to answer? This will be recorded in the minutes," Pikis said.
He told Christofias that, according to procedure, he must answer questions first.
The committee of inquiry later issued a statement harshly criticising Christofias.
"The behaviour of Christofias can only be characterised as inexcusable and degrading the institutions and functioning rule of law," the statement said.
It said the matter had been referred to the attorney general Petros Klerides to decide what action to take.
Prior to the hearing, Christofias had asked the committee of inquiry for more time to prepare as it was the summer holidays but the enquiry declined.
After storming out of the proceedings, Christofias held a news conference in which he read his prepared statement of 10,000 words.
In his statement, Christofias denied he stood idly by while the economic landscape darkened and dismissed suggestions he did not want to sign a bailout deal with international creditors.
"Unfortunately, the negative developments in the Cyprus banking system were not addressed by the competent authority, so it required the support of the state, which could not bear the financial burden," Christofias said.
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