Police, backed by a helicopter overhead, responded with tear gas and shots from non-lethal guns during hours of unrest in the northern suburb of Sarcelles, home to a large Jewish community.
The unrest was the second time in two days that pro-Palestinian demonstrations in France turned violent. The demonstration, like the one in Paris on Saturday, had been banned to ensure peace.
France has Western Europe's largest Muslim and Jewish populations, and crises in the Middle East, like the one triggered by the Gaza offensive, often spill into France.
CRIF denounced "fanatic groups" behind the attacks and said anti-Semitic violence "is growing by the day." "It is time to treat it as a 'form of terrorist deviation and treat it as such," the group said in a statement.
The clashes came hours after France honoured some 13,000 Jews rounded up 72 years ago, most kept in a cycling stadium before being sent to Auschwitz.
"France will not allow provocations to feed ... Conflicts between communities," Valls said in a speech.
That message was echoed by President Francois Hollande as he decorated Serge and Beate Klarsfeld, who were famous for tracking down old Nazis, as Grand Officer and Commander of the Legion of Honor respectively.
France "will tolerate no act, no words that could give rise to anti-Semitism," Hollande said.
The words by the French leaders were ignored by yesterday's events.
In Sarcelles, several hundred young protesters broke away from a calm pro-Palestinian gathering to riot and clash with police. Some went after the synagogue, CRIF said. Scores of Jewish youth some armed with iron bars then encircled a synagogue to "protect" it, watched by a cordon of police.
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