Militants on horseback have in recent weeks attacked remote communities in the troubled region, as an extensive military offensive to rout the insurgents intensified.
"Military authorities have banned the use of horses in the entire Borno state to stave off Boko Haram terrorist attacks," said the military spokesman for Borno, Colonel Tukur Gusau.
The ban was imposed after talks with the state government and council of traditional chiefs, he added.
Gusau said the military surge in the region had thrown the Islamic State group-allied rebels into "disarray", cutting off their supply lines, including for fuel.
Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari has made crushing the six-year insurgency his priority and in August gave his new military top brass three months to end the violence.
That prompted intensive ground and air offensives against Boko Haram positions.
Buhari, a former military ruler, had sacked the previous senior command team under whose watch the rebellion intensified, threatening Nigeria's sovereignty and regional security.
Gusau said the state-wide ban on horse-riding will allow soldiers to "distinguish locals from terrorists".
Malam Ba'Kura, a local chief in the recently liberated Dikwa district of northern Borno, confirmed the ban and said it had been endorsed by the state's most influential chief and religious figure.
"The Shehu (of Borno) summoned and briefed all traditional chiefs under the Kanem Borno emirate on the ban on horses, which was decided to stop Boko Haram attacks on villages in northern Borno," said Ba'Kura.
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