Ori Greenhut was on an outing at the archaeological site of Tel Rehov, south of Beit Shean, when he spotted "an image of a person covered with soil", the IAA said, on a stone small enough to fit in his hand.
He wiped off the mud to find a clay figurine of a naked woman with what appears to be braided hair, standing with her arms to the side and hands on hips.
"Some researchers think the figure depicted here is that of a real flesh and blood woman, and others view her as the fertility goddess Astarte, known from Canaanite sources and from the Bible," he said in a statement distributed by the IAA.
"Evidently the figurine belonged to one of the residents of the city of Rehov, which was then ruled by the central government of the Egyptian pharaohs," Mazar said.
Greenhut had brought the figurine home, and his family handed it over to the IAA, which in turn awarded him a certificate for good citizenship.
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