The existence of a fifth giant gas planet at the time of the solar system's formation - in addition to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune that we know of today - was first proposed in 2011, researchers said.
But the question remained: if it did exist, how did it get pushed out?
For years, scientists have suspected the ouster was either Saturn or Jupiter.
"Our evidence points to Jupiter," said Ryan Cloutier, a PhD candidate in University of Toronto's Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics and lead author of a new study published in The Astrophysical Journal.
However, earlier studies which proposed that giant planets could possibly eject one another did not consider the effect such violent encounters would have on minor bodies, such as the known moons of the giant planets, and their orbits.
So Cloutier and his colleagues turned their attention to moons and orbits, developing computer simulations based on the modern-day trajectories of Callisto and lapetus, the regular moons orbiting around Jupiter and Saturn respectively.
"Ultimately, we found that Jupiter is capable of ejecting the fifth giant planet while retaining a moon with the orbit of Callisto," said Cloutier.
"On the other hand, it would have been very difficult for Saturn to do so because Iapetus would have been excessively unsettled, resulting in an orbit that is difficult to reconcile with its current trajectory," Cloutier said.
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