Language and tool-making evolved together

The same brain activity is used for language production and making complex tools, supporting the theory that they evolved at the same time, a new study has found.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool tested the brain activity of 10 expert stone tool makers (flint knappers) as they undertook a stone tool-making task and a standard language test.
They measured the brain blood flow activity of the participants as they performed both tasks using functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD), commonly used in clinical settings to test patients' language functions after brain damage or before surgery.
The researchers found that brain patterns for both tasks correlated, suggesting that they both use the same area of the brain.

Language and stone tool-making are considered to be unique features of humankind that evolved over millions of years.
Darwin was the first to suggest that tool-use and language may have co-evolved, because they both depend on complex planning and the coordination of actions but until now there has been little evidence to support this.

"This is the first study of the brain to compare complex stone tool-making directly with language," Dr Georg Meyer, from the University Department of Experimental Psychology, said.
"Our study found correlated blood-flow patterns in the first 10 seconds of undertaking both tasks. This suggests that both tasks depend on common brain areas and is consistent with theories that tool-use and language co-evolved and share common processing networks in the brain," said Meyer.

"Nobody has been able to measure brain activity in real time while making a stone tool. This is a first for both archaeology and psychology," Dr Natalie Uomini from the University's Department of Archaeology, Classics & Egyptology, said.
The study was published in the journal PLOS ONE.