"For just over three months he lost his way," Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi's attorney said at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague.
"He wanted to give advice to apply Sharia (Islamic) law, which was a terrible mistake that led to his guilt," lawyer Jean-Louis Gilissen told judges.
He is "an honest man," Gilissen said.
Mahdi admitted at the start of his trial Monday to ransacking some of the west African city's most historic mausoleums during a two-week wave of destruction in 2012.
Sentencing will be handed down on September 27.
The wanton destruction by jihadists, who considered the mausoleums idolatrous, triggered a global outcry.
But Mahdi's lawyers said today he acted out of the belief that what he was doing was right, based on an interpretation of Sharia law.
Mahdi, who is aged about 40, had lived in Timbuktu for 11 years before armed groups arrived.
His defence described him as "a generous man with an extremely sociable character" who worked for reconciliation between Muslim groups, founded an NGO and facilitated dialogue between white and black Tuaregs.
Mahdi "was not a decision-maker, but headed those who carried out orders," the defence said.
ICC prosecutors under a deal made with the defence asked for a sentence of between nine to 11 years.
The sentence should serve as an "effective deterrent" that plundering the world's heritage would not go unpunished, they added.
The sentence should "fully reflect his guilt, serve as an effective deterrent and give justice to the victims," prosecutor Gilles Dutertre urged.
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