With divers still searching the submerged vessel for bodies and emotions sky-high less than two months after the tragedy, there are concerns over how fair the trial in the southern city of Gwangju will be.
The Sewol ferry was carrying 476 passengers - including 325 high school students - when it capsized and sank on April 16.
So far 292 have been confirmed dead, with 12 still unaccounted for.
Captain Lee Joon-Seok and three senior crew members are accused of "homicide through wilful negligence" which carries the death penalty.
Wearing numbered prison uniforms, handcuffed and with their arms bound to their waists with rope, the defendants were brought to the courthouse well before the trial began.
They eventually entered the courtroom to angry cries from some relatives, prompting a warning from one of the three judges that the hearing would be halted if there were further disturbances.
Outside the courthouse, other relatives demonstrated with placards, one of which appealed to the judges to "let the family members execute them."
The bulk of the charges arise from the fact that Lee and the others chose to abandon the 6,825-tonne ferry while hundreds of people were still trapped inside the heavily-listing vessel before it capsized.
The tragedy stunned South Korea, knocking the entire country off its stride and unleashing a wave of public anger, as it emerged that incompetence, corruption and greed had all contributed to the scale of the disaster.
Much of that rage focused on Lee and his crew, especially after the coastguard released a video showing the captain, dressed in a sweater and underwear, scrambling to safety.
Presenting the charges in court, the prosecution said the defendants had ample opportunity to conduct a proper evacuation but failed to do so, preferring to abandon ship in the knowledge that the passengers left behind would die.
Lee Gwang-Jae, a lawyer representing the captain, suggested his client was being made a scapegoat by those who shared more responsibility for the disaster.
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