Over the past month the young leader has supervised several military drills, including the test-firings of medium ballistic missiles, a multiple rocket system and long-range artillery, in response to Seoul-Washington joint army drills south of the border.
The latest launch came as a two-day nuclear security summit was being hosted by Barack Obama in Washington, at which North Korea was the focus of the US president's talks with the leaders of China, South Korea and Japan.
Pyongyang's official KCNA news agency said today Kim "guided the test of a new-type anti-air guided weapon system" to check its capability.
"Under his observation, AA rockets were fired to accurately hit mock enemy aerial targets", it said.
The South's defence ministry said the North fired an anti-air missile around 12:45 p.m (0915 IST) yesterday from the eastern city of Sondok.
Kim "expressed great satisfaction over the successful test", calling it another striking demonstration of the the rapidly growing defence capability of the country, KCNA said.
Obama spoke Thursday of the need to "vigilantly enforce the strong UN security measures" imposed on the North after its fourth nuclear test in January and a subsequent long-range rocket launch.
Pyongyang's state media labelled the summit a "nonsensical" effort to find fault with the North's "legitimate access to nuclear weapons".
Existing UN sanctions ban North Korea from conducting any ballistic missile test, although short-range launches tend to go unpunished.
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