The presidency said last evening that the teenager was picked up by the military after fleeing from Boko Haram jihadists.
But Laolu Akande, spokesman for Vice-President Yemi Osinbajo, later tweeted that the girl was a junior secondary school "student from Chibok community".
In a text message to AFP today, he said the 15-year-old was "not part of the 219".
Osinbajo is currently deputising for President Muhammadu Buhari, who is in London on medical leave.
The #BringBackOurGirls group, which has been campaigning for the release of the Chibok girls, also said the girl's name was not in their records.
"We've perused our list but can't find the name of the returnee said to be 1 of our #ChibokGirls," it said on its Twitter account.
"Whether 1 of our missing #ChibokGirls or not, we are excited over everyone who regains their freedom & we look forward to all returning."
Fifty-seven escaped in the hours that followed but 219 were not so lucky.
Since then, 106 girls have been found, rescued or released, including 82 who were freed earlier this month in a prisoner swap deal for a number of Boko Haram suspects in custody.
In May 2016, just hours after the first Chibok girl was found, the military said a second had been rescued.
The girl later turned out to be a younger student at the same school, who was also kidnapped but not part of the 219.
Young men and boys have also been forcibly recruited to fight in the jihadists' ranks.
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