Now, rewritable material to help reduce paper waste

Scientists have developed a low-cost, environmentally friendly way to create printed materials with rewritable paper that can considerably reduce paper wastage.
Researchers Ting Wang, Dairong Chen and colleagues from Shandong University in China made the new material out of tungsten oxide and a common polymer used in medicines and food.
Even in the present digital age, the world still relies on paper and ink, most of which ends up in landfills or recycling centres.
The researchers created a film by mixing low-toxicity tungsten oxide with polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
To "print" on it, they exposed the material to ultraviolet light for 30 seconds or more, and it changed from white to a deep blue.

To make pictures or words, a stencil can be used so that only the exposed parts turn blue. To erase them, the material can simply sit in ambient conditions for a day or two.

To speed up the erasing, the researchers added heat to make the colour disappear in 30 minutes.
Alternatively, adding a small amount of polyacrylonitrile to the material can make designs last for up to 10 days.
Testing showed the material could be printed on and erased 40 times before the quality started to decline.
The world has been working to reduce paper waste by increasing recycling efforts for years.

More paper is now recovered for recycling than almost all other materials combined, researchers said.
This saves energy, water, landfill space and greenhouse gas emissions. But even more waste could be avoided if consumers could reuse paper many times before recycling or trashing it, they said.
So far, however, such products under development often are made with toxic, expensive organic dyes.
The study appears in the journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.