The meeting was officially described as a "courtesy call" before Bashir leaves India.
Accompanied by his wife, Bashir spent about an hour with Mamata in her office and then went to the Press Club to address a press conference.
Veteran Pakistani diplomat Syed Ibne Abbas is scheduled to replace Bashir.
Bashir was appointed as the High Commissioner to India by the previous PPP-led government after his retirement as foreign secretary.