Justice Minister Zbigniew Ziobro announced he has appealed to the Supreme Court to overturn an October ruling that Polanski should not face extradition, saying no-one should be above the law.
"He is accused of a terrible crime against a child, the rape of a child," Ziobro, who is also prosecutor general, told Polish public radio.
"Were he a teacher, a doctor, a plumber or a painter, I'm sure any country would have extradited him to the United States long ago."
Polanski is still wanted by the United States for sentencing over the 1977 statutory rape of Samantha Gailey after a photoshoot in Los Angeles.
He was arrested after Gailey, now Geimer, accused him of forcing her to have sex after drugging her.
She was 13 at the time. Polanski was 43.
He pleaded guilty to unlawful sex with a minor, or statutory rape, avoiding a trial, but then fled the country fearing a hefty sentence.
"We were expecting this. Ziobro had previously announced he was going to do this," he said.
He also confirmed that "Polanski is currently not in Poland", without disclosing his current whereabouts.
Ziobro's move is an attempt to reverse an October ruling by a court in the southern city of Krakow which ruled that Polanski should not be sent to the United States, a decision prosecutors agreed was "justified".
"Had Poland accepted the US extradition request, it would have violated the rights of Mr Polanski and at the same time, the European Convention on Human Rights," judge Dariusz Mazur said at the time.
And one of his lawyers at the time said the decision "ends
the legal proceedings" against Polanski.
The Polish Supreme Court can either uphold the decision not to extradite Polanski or send the case back to a lower court.
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