The pontiff visited Sri Lanka and the Philippines on his second trip to Asia in five months, seeking to promote the Catholic Church in one of its most important growth regions.
Tens of thousands of people in the Philippine capital of Manila crowded his motorcade route this morning for a final glimpse of Francis, and he smiled and waved to them from an open-air "popemobile".
President Benigno Aquino then led a red-carpet farewell on the tarmac at the airport, as children sang and danced, before the pope gave a final wave to the Philippines and boarded his plane to return home.
The Philippines is famed as the Catholic Church's bastion in Asia, with 80 per cent of the former Spanish colony's 100 million people following the faith.
But even the pope was stunned at the size of the crowd, which surpassed the previous world record of five million during a mass by John Paul II at the same venue in 1995.
"I cannot fathom the faith of the simple people," Francis said, according to the archbishop of Manila, Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, who acted as the pontiff's chaperone during his five days in the Philippines.
In a speech at the presidential palace, the pope lectured the nation's elite, calling on political leaders to show integrity and do something to end the nation's "scandalous social inequalities".
He again implored people to do more to eradicate poverty, after an emotional encounter in Manila with a 12-year-old girl who asked why God would allow children to become prostitutes.
He said superficial compassion for the poor shown by many in the world, which resulted in just giving alms, was not enough.
The pope said the main reason for visiting the Philippines was to meet survivors of Super Typhoon Haiyan, the strongest storm ever recorded on land which claimed more than 7,350 lives in November 2013.
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