34-year-old Golovnina, who was also looking after Afghanistan, passed out at her office and was rushed to the hospital where doctors were unable to save her, Reuters said in a statement.
The cause of death is being investigated.
"Maria was a superb journalist with a long and varied career at Reuters," the statement said.
She joined the company in 2001 as a foreign correspondent in a number of places, including London, Singapore, Moscow, Afghanistan and Iraq.
She had been bureau chief for Afghanistan and Pakistan since 2013.
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