The bombshell charges earlier this month had driven a wedge between rival camps in the ruling African National Congress (ANC) party, rattled the markets and led to a fall in the value of the rand.
Shaun Abrahams said proving the charges against Gordhan would be difficult in a U-turn a day after his spokesman described as "absolute hogwash" reports that the prosecutor was dropping the fraud case.
"I have directed the summons to be withdrawn with immediate effect," Abrahams told journalists today.
Gordhan, a respected ANC veteran, was due to appear in court on Wednesday on charges dating back to 2010 over a colleague's retirement package.
In announcing the decision, Abrahams said he believed Gordhan did not intend to break the law.
Gordhan has claimed the charges were politically motivated, and received support from several high-profile ANC politicians - including the nation's deputy president Cyril Ramaphosa and numerous ministers - as well as scores of business leaders.
His imminent prosecution had sparked investor fears that he would also be sacked, as the country reels from an economic downturn and declining business confidence.
Abrahams rejected claims that the charges against Gordhan were politically motivated, saying he did not "pay regard to political considerations".
Marches in support of Gordhan had been planned outside the court in Pretoria on Wednesday, with alliance partners of the ANC voicing their support for the embattled minister.
Last week the ANC's chief whip on parliament Jackson Mthembu lambasted Gordhan's prosecution, saying the decision to use state institutions to fight political matters should force the entire ANC leadership to resign.
"The ANC always believed in the innocence of comrade Pravin Gordhan, hence our unwavering support since fraud charges were preferred against him," the party said in a statement.
Gordhan, who also served as finance minister from 2009 to 2014, was re-appointed last December to calm panicked investors after Zuma sacked two finance ministers within four days.
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