Simple knot key to creating world's toughest fibre

A new way of making next generation super tough fibres could be realised by adding a simple knot, according to new research.
The study by scientists at Queen Mary University of London suggests the new method could make ordinary polymers - large molecules with repeating units - reach unprecedented toughness by adding a knot to absorb additional energy.
"The simple manoeuvre of adding a slip knot creates a coil of extra length that is resistant when it comes under tension and can dissipate energy thanks to the friction in the knot," said author Nicola Pugno, Professor of Materials Science at Queen Mary's School of Engineering and Materials Science.

Pugno tested three different types of slip knots on commercial polymers such as dyneema and endumax, which are used in fishing lines.
The configuration that allowed for the most toughness was produced with endumax, increasing its toughness from 44 Joules per gram to 1070 Joules per gram, the equivalent of ten times that of Kevlar, which is used in body armour (90 Joules per gram).
Pugno is working on different materials to find suitable knots for industries designing the next generation of super tough materials such as sustainable packaging and medical implants.
The research was published in the journal PLOS ONE.