The latest incident came just one day after a gunman killed one person and injured three others at a university in Washington state and two weeks after an apparently mentally disturbed young man opened fire at a California university and killed six people.
Officials identified the suspect as Dennis Marx, a gun seller who had been due in the court today on charges of marijuana and gun possession.
The shooting occurred at 9:57 am (local time) in front of the courthouse, said the local sheriff's office in Forsyth county, north of Atlanta, adding the building was then evacuated.
"He had been planning it for a while," Piper added.
Witnesses said the attacker came in a vehicle to the courthouse gate and engaged in a prolonged shootout with police.
The sheriff said Marx also used smoke bombs.
One deputy was wounded in the leg and taken to a nearby hospital, where he was expected to recover, the sheriff told a local news channel, also confirming the suspect had died.
Piper praised the injured officer, suggesting he saved "many lives" through his actions to quickly engage the suspect.
A bomb squad was sweeping the courthouse and the suspect's home to check for any possible remaining explosives, authorities said.
A police source told the Atlanta Journal-Constitution newspaper that Marx was suspected of belonging to the extremist group "Sovereign Citizens," which does not recognise federal, state or local authority.
Ann Shafer, who said she was Marx's lawyer until a few hours before the incident, said she was leaving her car at the courthouse where she was going to resign as his attorney when she heard shots.
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