The mutiny broke out yesterday afternoon when nearly 100 prisoners in southern Pattani province set fire to the jail's cooking quarters, according to a military spokesman.
He said the prison warden tried to control the rebellion but was pummelled by stones and called for police reinforcement.
Around a hundred officers arrived at the scene and quelled the rioters before midnight, by that time a second building had been burned down and three prisoners were dead, said Thanongsak Wangsupa, the provincial police commander.
Two prison staff sustained injuries, he added.
After the riot, the prisoners handed authorities a written list of 14 demands, including requests for more family visits and freedom to watch the news on television.
They also called for a change of command at the prison, which houses around 1,800 inmates, and the ability to receive food from relatives.
"All of their demands are illegal and none will be complied with," Thanongsak told AFP.
Pattani is one of three southern provinces in Thailand wracked by a years-long battle between Muslim separatists and the Buddhist-run state.
The area is governed by emergency laws and awash with state security officers, who rights groups have accused of torture, extrajudicial killings and other abuses.
