Ironically, the flooding comes on the heels of two years of drought that caused severe water shortages in the sprawling metropolis of 20 million people.
A landslide buried 13 of the victims, while two others drowned in the floodwaters, the rescue service said on its official Twitter account.
Another eight people are missing, feared trapped inside two homes that collapsed in the landslide in the municipality of Mairipora, rescue official Marcos Palumbo told news site G1.
TV images showed homes and cars immersed in water as rescuers in boats tried to reach victims left stranded by the flooding.
The rain also interrupted flights for six hours at the Sao Paulo international airport, the largest in Brazil.
The commuter rail network was also shut down.
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