The 52-year-old, also dubbed "Captain Coward" over accusations that he abandoned ship while terrified passengers were still trapped onboard, looked tense as he arrived for the start of the trial in Grosseto.
It is being held in a theatre in the city, the closest to the site of the wreck of the Costa Concordia on the island of Giglio, due to the large numbers of survivors from the tragedy expected to attend.
Schettino, who is not being detained during the trial, has asked for television cameras not to be allowed in.
"Otherwise it would be a film," he said in an interview with Italian daily Il Messaggero.
"There has been media havoc since the tragedy... This is not some village festival, this is a trial. There are people who died and a man who will try to explain.
"I really think the truth will out," he said.
With his slicked-back hair and macho swagger, Schettino has been portrayed as a villain who was showing off in front of a female guest by performing a risky "salute" manoeuvre which ended in tragedy.
"Madonna, what have I done?" he was heard gasping on audio recordings from the bridge just after the crash.
But his defence team has said that while he made mistakes he should not be the sole defendant, and the ship's owner Costa Crociere, Europe's top cruise operator, should share at least some of the blame.
Locals in Grosseto also showed sympathy for Schettino.
"We cannot just crucify Schettino," said 28-year-old Maria at a bar in the city centre.
As he unloaded groceries outside a store, Giacomo Melluso said: "Maybe it wasn't all Schettino's fault."
The prosecution and defence have called hundreds of witnesses for the trial, although a judge will have to rule on the exact number during future hearings.
There are also 250 parties that have asked to be plaintiffs, including the island of Giglio itself.
A vast salvage operation is under way to refloat the 290-metre (951-foot) vessel, which is not expected to be completed until later this year or in 2014.
