Patel is set for a "face to face" meeting with May during which it is widely expected she will be fired or asked to step down.
The UK's international development minister has cut short an official trip to Uganda and Ethiopia to rush back to London "at the request of the prime minister".
The 45-year-old minister's sudden return comes after her department admitted that Patel held two further meetings in September which she failed to disclose when rebuked by May on Monday.
But new revelations about her further meetings with Israeli officials following that visit have made her position within the Cabinet very precarious, British media reported.
It is understood that Patel met Israel's public security minister, Gilad Erdan, in the UK Parliament complex in early September and an Israeli foreign ministry official, Yuval Rotem, in New York later that month.
Ministers are required to tell the UK Foreign Office when they are conducting official business overseas, but it emerged that British diplomats in Israel were not informed about any of Patel's meetings which included a meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and other political figures as well as charity organisations.
Opposition parties have been calling for Patel's resignation as minister in charge of the Department for International Development (DfID) and the country's aid budget if it emerges that she breached the ministerial code of conduct.
Patel, the Conservative party MP for Witham in Essex, had issued an apology on Monday and attributed the unreported meetings to "enthusiasm".
"In hindsight, I can see how my enthusiasm to engage in this way could be misread, and how meetings were set up and reported in a way which did not accord with the usual procedures. I am sorry for this and I apologise for it," Patel said in her apology statement.
Downing Street was also forced to deny that Patel's meetings in Israel had led to any change of political stance on the region after it emerged that in the wake of her visit in August, she had discussed potentially providing some of Britain's aid money to Israel's armed forces which run field hospitals in the Golan Heights area.
Britain does not officially recognise Israeli occupation of the area and DfID was reportedly advised against any such move.
"It was shocking for me a Cabinet minister breaking the ministerial protocol and meeting 12 officials, high-ranking, includingNetanyahu," he added.
Patel, a Conservative party MP since 2010, has beena longstanding supporter of Israel and also a former vice- chairman of the Conservative Friends of Israel group.
Meanwhile, it is also being claimed that Patel deliberately avoided facing questions over the issue from MPs in the House of Commons yesterday, by bringing forward her flight to Kenya.
"The meetings were not particularly secret...If I had gone to Israel, I would have wanted a schedule like this," he told MPs.
If Patel were to be sacked or forced to resign, May would lose a second senior minister within the space of a week, after Sir Michael Fallon stood down as defence minister amid allegations of inappropriate behaviour towards female journalists.
Another of her close Cabinet allies, first secretary of state Damian Green, is also under investigation over misconduct allegations and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson has been under fire over his handling of a case involving a British Iranian in prison in Tehran.
But she has been increasingly seen as a weak leader trying to steady a very shaky regime.
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