Mohammed Jahangir Alam fled the UK in 2010 before being convicted of raping the woman in the regency spa town of Cheltenham. He was arrested in Tenerife in the Canary Islands region.
Alam was sentenced to 14 years in prison in his absence.
The fugitive was captured at a restaurant in Playa de las Americas by Spanish National Police.
"Locating and arresting Alam after he had been on the run for six years is a fantastic result," Steve Reynolds, head of international operations for UK's National Crime Agency said.
Alam arrived in the UK on a temporary visa in October 2007 and moved to Cheltenham the following year, where he attacked his victim.
His photograph was recirculated last week when a list of new suspects was launched and the public was urged to look at those fugitives still evading arrest over several years.
Detective Sergeant Paul Howell, of Gloucestershire police, said: "We hope this result shows criminals that they will be convicted, even if they try to get away and escape under the radar."
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