Admiral Wu Shengli, commander in chief of China's navy, welcomed Admiral Jonathan Greenert, the US chief of naval operations, with a red carpet ceremony and an honour guard at his headquarters in Beijing.
The two admirals did not speak to reporters but a US navy official said the visit was meant to "look at ways to increase the cooperation between our navies".
It was the two men's "fourth interaction" over approximately the past year, he said, adding, "It obviously improves our understanding of each other also."
The talks come as tensions mount over maritime disputes in the East China Sea between Beijing and Tokyo, as well as between Beijing and Hanoi, Manila and others in the South China Sea.
The official, who demanded anonymity, said it was "hard to say" if specific instances of regional tensions would come up in the talks.
"Those things exist but the intent of these meetings is to look at ways that we can work better together so we can improve the understanding between our navies," the official said.
Greenert's visit is part of efforts to intensify dialogue between the US and Chinese militaries.
US Army Chief of Staff Ray Odierno visited China in February and said that Beijing and Tokyo must enhance communication to avoid "miscalculations" over the East China Sea.
US President Barack Obama had told Chinese President Xi Jinping on in a telephone conversation yesterday that he was determined to constructively manage growing differences between their two nations.
Points of contention include trade, cyber espionage and US support for security allies Japan and the Philippines, which are involved in maritime territorial disputes with China in the East and South China Seas, respectively.
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