The vote is the latest challenge to Obama's domestic priorities by Republicans who took control of both houses of Congress last week following their sweep of November elections. The president has fought back with threats to veto their legislation.
Immigrant advocates warned Republicans that their moves on immigration risked alienating Latino voters who will be crucial to the 2016 presidential election.
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Democrats accused Republicans of playing politics with national security at a time of heightened threats, and Obama has threatened to veto the legislation. Prospects in the Senate look tough, too.
But House Republicans, in a determined assault on one of Obama's top domestic priorities, accused him of reckless unconstitutional actions on immigration.
"This executive overreach is an affront to the rule of law and to the Constitution itself," said House Speaker John Boehner. "The people made clear that they wanted more accountability from this president, and by our votes here today we will heed their will and we will keep our oath to protect and defend the Constitution."
But Rep. Luis Guiterrez, a Democrat, accused Republicans of "viciousness" for trying to make it easier to deport immigrants brought to the US as children. Democratic Rep. David Price called the Republican effort "a political vendetta," adding, that "it's a reprehensible, reckless tactic which will compromise, has already compromised, the full and effective functioning of our Homeland Security Department" at a time of heightened security risks.
The immigration measures were amendments on the Homeland Security bill.
One of them, approved 237-190, would undo executive actions that Obama announced in November to provide temporary deportation relief to some 4 million immigrants in the country illegally.
A second amendment would delete Obama's 2012 policy that's granted work permits and stays of deportation to more than 600,000 immigrants who arrived in the US illegally as children.
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