The disturbances at the David Viloria penitentiary began Monday when a group of inmates went on a hunger strike seeking to force out the jail's new warden, the Prisons Ministry said.
National Guardsmen were called in to restore calm and dozens of prisoners were transferred. The government said 145 inmates were being treated for intoxication.
The situation remained tense yesterday, and prisoner rights activists expressed doubt about the government's version, calling for an investigation to determine why inmates would have voluntarily taken highly toxic medicines.
Prado said the death toll might be as high as 25, according to reports from inmates' relatives and activists on the ground at hospitals and the morgue in the western city of Barquisimeto, where the prison is.
The government said the situation was under control and all prisoners' rights were being respected.
Venezuela's prison population has doubled since 2008 as a result of rampant crime and stiffer mandatory sentences. Overall, the country's 32 correction facilities are the fifth most-crowded in the world, housing almost three times their intended capacity, according to the London-based International Centre for Prison Studies.
Prado's group said that so far this year 150 inmates have died and 110 more injured in the country's lockups.
"Prison life is real tough in the world, but unfortunately in Venezuela it can be a death sentence," he said.
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