Large numbers of riot police were deployed across the Democratic Republic of Congo for the protests called by three opposition groups in defiance of government bans.
The violence erupted in the north of Kinshasa, where about 5,000 demonstrators were on the streets to oppose moves to keep Kabila in power beyond the expiry of his second term in December.
Police said although the Kinshasa demonstration had permission from the authorities, the crowds had deviated from an agreed route.
Police fired tear gas against stone-throwing protesters and then charged them to break up the demonstration, AFP journalists said.
Tensions have been soaring in the country where Kabila, in power since his father's assassination in 2001, is widely thought to be preparing to remain in office beyond the two terms allowed under the constitution.
Opposition groups are also angry that Kabila's powerful rival, football magnate Moise Katumbi, was all but pushed into exile in South Africa last Friday.
In Lubumbashi, dozens of riot police were also standing guard in the city centre where many shops remained shuttered and the number of vehicles on the roads was far lower than usual, according to an AFP team.
Katumbi - who announced this month his plans to run for the presidency - has been accused of hiring foreign mercenaries as part of an alleged plot to overthrow Kabila.
UN chief Ban Ki-moon called yesterday for restraint by all sides and said the United Nations was ready to help foster political dialogue in the resource rich but long troubled central African country.
Ban is "profoundly concerned by reports of increasing political tensions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo linked to the continuing uncertainty surrounding the country's electoral process," his spokesman said.
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