Japan, with scores of active volcanoes, sits on the so-called Pacific "Ring of Fire" where a large proportion of the world's quakes and volcanic eruptions are recorded.
One of the most famous of the country's volcanoes is 1,117-metre (3,665-foot) high Sakurajima, which sits in a scenic bay on the southern island of Kyushu, and erupted at 6:56 pm (0956 GMT), the Japan Meteorological Agency said.
The spectacle of the eruption was captured in footage shown on national broadcaster NHK, with the orange colour of the flows shining brightly in the darkened sky.
While local police received no immediate report of damage or injuries among the approximately 4,000 residents who live in the immediate surroundings, they were still rattled by the power of the eruption.
"There were rising pillars of fire, and flickering lights like lightning," said a local resident who told NHK that he witnessed the scene from a window.
In September 2014, Mount Ontake in central Nagano prefecture violently blew up, leaving 58 people, many of them hikers, dead and five others missing in the nation's deadliest eruption for almost 90 years.
The weather agency today raised Sakurajima's alert status to Level 3, which bans entry onto the mountain, from Level 2, which limited people from going near the vents.
The elevated level, however, stopped short of urging local residents to prepare for possible evacuation, according to the agency.
"Sakurajima's volcanic activity could increase," a weather agency official told a press briefing held shortly after the eruption.
Sakurajima last experienced a major eruption in 2013, spewing an ash plume up to 5,000 metres into the air, causing damage but no major injuries.
The eruption did not affect the operation of the closest nuclear reactors, sitting some 50 kilometres (31 miles) from the mountain, media reports quoted operator Kyushu Electric as saying.
Sakurajima, formerly an island but due to previous eruptions is now attached to a peninsula, frequently spits out smoke and ash and is a major tourist attraction.
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