The contamination took place due to mixing of water and drainage lines at a tank which supplies water to the town, about 70km from here.
One person has died, while 78 others fell ill after they drank the infected water, Chhotaudepur Collector Jenu Devan said.
"Several teams of doctors from the Sir Sayajirao General (SSG) Hospital in Vadodara have arrived in Sankheda, where 52 affected peple are being treated," he told reporters.
Also, 26 other patients have been shifted to the SSG Hospital here, he said.
Supply of water from the polluted tank has been stopped and alternate arrangements have been made for the residents.
