Dhurandhar marks the arrival in Bollywood of a new-generation soft power

If Pathaan gave both conservatives and liberals room to hide, Dhurandhar extends no such courtesy. Aditya Dhar ripped open that tent of hypocrisy and turned the knife

It’s a leap of faith to presume that everybody reading this has watched Aditya Dhar’s Dhurandhar and Siddharth Anand’s Pathaan (2023). The second is probably the biggest earner among Hindi originals. The first is catching up fast. It also has a second innings coming up, a pre-announced sequel on March 19, 2026. I take it that not everybody watches movies, but might still be familiar with the buzz, debate, and controversies over both. 

The one over Pathaan was confined to Deepika Padukone making her first appearance, dressed in a saffron bikini, to the song “Besharam rang”  (shameless colour) in the background. The angry ones drew the connection, demanded the scene be deleted. Or maybe they did not mind the bikini, only that the colour be changed? The protests died down soon. 

Almost two weeks after its release, Dhurandhar is still running to full halls across the country, many repeat watchers. It has just been caught in an enormous controversy, and not just on social media. Its critics in the mainstream media and serious broadsheet opeds have widely described it as government-sponsored, BJP propaganda, war-mongering, Islamophobic, or all of the above. 

I am focusing entirely on the two films that straddle politics, nationalism and religion. A quick listing will give us an idea of why one was mostly hailed as a clean, if fantasy, entertainer, what with VFX stunts and humans, good and evil, chasing each other in the skies on jet-packs. Ask no questions, or as we say on Holi, Bura Na Maano (take no offence), this is just a movie. 

On the three polarising issues, politics, nationalism and religion, Pathaan was a cop-out. However, the list first: 

* On politics, the film, though on an India-Pakistan theme, was clinically devoid of politics. It was as if two good guys from rival spy agencies joined hands to save humanity, or at least the one-sixth of it that is Indian. You, of course, know that I use “guys” as a metaphor and I wouldn’t dare to call Deepika Padukone that. In short, there was no India-versus-Pakistan here. 

* Nationalism was fully kept out. Not only was this “India partnering Pakistan” even the nationality and religion of Shah Rukh Khan’s character was kept vague. He was brought up by Afghan foster parents in a village under American bombing. The bad guys were the Americans (aren’t they always?) and everybody else was a victim. India faced a terror threat that could wipe out most of its population with a bug so destructive only Putin’s Moscow would have it in storage. So, a Pakistani and an Indian spy found common cause to join hands and protect humanity. It obviously didn’t hurt that one looked like Shah Rukh Khan and the other, Deepika Padukone. The threat to India did not come from a Pakistani or even someone from a mythical republic of Mogambo or Shakaal. It was from an Indian traitor, an agent gone rogue. The theme would pass the test of an elite school Model UN (MUN) event. 

* Religion is such a no-no that to date, we don’t know what Pathaan was, or his name. Nobody in the film ever said anything rude about any faith, nor needed to. The terrorist’s motive was personal revenge. No impulse of religion, nationalism or ideology. 

All three of these, combined in Pathaan, gave both the liberals and the nationalists a buffet of alibis and room to hide. Both could dismiss it as good, non-serious fun, just a movie after all, paisa vasool (value for money). Dhurandhar is the exact opposite. That is also the reason it is among the most significant political movies at scale in the history of Bollywood yet. 

Let’s put Dhurandhar to the same three-point test. On politics, its abiding theme is that there is a pre- and post-2014 history to how India has responded to terrorism, which “always comes from Pakistan.” In fact, the Sanyal (read Ajit Doval) character says that any terror anywhere in the world comes from Pakistan.” Dhurandhar has an unapologetically political theme. This is a celebration of the Modi-Doval era. And because there’s a sequel coming, you ain’t seen nothin’ yet. 

Next, nationalism is the strongest impulse of Dhurandhar. So strong that even convicted prisoners serving life sentences or on death row would be willing to train, infiltrate and embed the gangs working with the ISI in Pakistan. Pakistan is the enemy, India the victim and that is unqualified and perpetual. It’s just that Modi’s India has now decided not to play victim. Call it nationalism on steroids. 

And third, religion. There is zero doubt that the perpetrators are all Muslim, acting in the name of their faith and for a country built on that foundation. The victims whom they call cowardly, are Hindus who had, pre-Modi, been so timid. In one large state bordering Nepal, for example, fake currency mafias are from “one community” and any action will bring political intervention. So, wait for a strong leader to rise. I suppose Yogi Adityanath gets a mention here. 

It is these fundamental differences on three key issues that make Dhurandhar that much more controversial and polarising than Pathaan. If Khan’s film gave both conservatives and liberals room to hide, Dhurandhar extends no such courtesy. The nationalist can celebrate, the liberal can ask: What the hell has gone wrong with my cinema? Dhar ripped open that tent of hypocrisy and turned the knife — which, by the way, is an act of violence of a much lower order than you’d see in his film. 

I am curious, however, if the ISI won’t see Dhurandhar with some disappointment. To suggest that it needs the Lyari underworld to source weapons and explosives is an insult to what isn’t just one of the world’s most sophisticated, subversive, violent and empowered spy agencies, but also an agency with enough weapons in its stores to arm a hundred 26/11-sized attacks anywhere in a month. I will take you back to the Bombay (as it was then called) blasts of 1993. Veteran anti-terror cop M N Singh keeps reminding me that in the post-bombings raids, they recovered 71 AK-47s (not counting the ones destroyed by Sanjay Dutt’s “friend” Kersi Adajania in his foundry). Add to this, 3.5 tonnes of RDX, enough to blow up every skyscraper in Mumbai. And 500 grenades. This, when the entire Maharashtra Police did not have one AK-47 rifle. Boat-loads of more were caught on the western coast. If the ISI could ship all of this in 1993, they wouldn’t be counting on the Karachi underworld for 26/11. The underworld they counted on was in India. This is the most intriguing aspect of the politics of Dhurandhar. Plots like the IC-814 hijack, Parliament attack, and 26/11 were planned in the mosques and seminaries of Muridke and Bahawalpur and not in the sort of religiously anodyne hard-drinking “adda” of a Lyari gangster, least of all a leader of the Baloch. Would the ISI even trust a Baloch Sardar? 

If Dhar wanted to light up an anti-Muslim sentiment, he only had to set up the plot in Jaish or LeT headquarters, all places of religion. That’d be factual too. However, Dhurandhar’s creative contribution lies in the fact that it has ripped apart the hypocrisy of not naming names. Indian cinema, going ahead, will take the cue. Is it propaganda? That was also every James Bond, John Le Carre or Tom Clancy plot. Dhurandhar has made as much buzz in Pakistan as in India. If anything, in the new competitive war of the memes, it has also resumed some conversation, even much humour. In its direct, violent and rude way, Dhurandhar marks the rise of the new-generation Indian soft power. 

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