Is 'Watchman' a mediocre first draft of 'To Kill a Mockingbird'?

Called away on family business, I was afraid I'd missed the sweet spot for commentary on the Harper Lee/To Kill a Mockingbird/Go Set a Watchman controversy - that moment right after Watchman's release on July 14 when it was all anybody in literary circles could talk about.

Then again, the Rupert Murdoch-owned publishing house HarperCollins announced just this week that it had sold more than 1.1 million copies in a week's time, making it the "fastest-selling book in company history." Watchman has rocketed to the top of the New York Times best-seller list, where it will surely stay for a while. And the Rupert Murdoch-owned Wall Street Journal not only excerpted the first chapter on the Friday before publication, but it also gave its readers a chance to win a signed first edition of the book. Talk about synergy!

So perhaps it's not too late after all to point out that the publication of Go Set a Watchman constitutes one of the epic money grabs in the modern history of American publishing.

The Ur-fact about Harper Lee is that after publishing her beloved novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, in 1960, she not only never published another book, for most of that time she insisted she never would. Until now, that is, when she's 89, a frail, hearing- and sight-impaired stroke victim living in a nursing home. Perhaps just as important, her sister, Alice, Lee's longtime protector, passed away last November. Her new protector, Tonja Carter, who had worked in Alice Lee's law office, is the one who brought the "new novel" to HarperCollins's attention, claiming, conveniently, to have found it shortly before Alice died.

If you have been following The Times's cleareyed coverage, you know that Carter participated in a meeting in 2011 with a Sotheby's specialist and Lee's former agent, in which they came across the manuscript that turned out to be Go Set a Watchman. In The Wall Street Journal - where else? - Carter put forth the preposterous claim that she walked out of that meeting early on and never returned, thus sticking with her story that she only discovered the manuscript in 2014.

But the others in the meeting insisted to The Times that she was there the whole time - and saw what they saw: the original manuscript that Lee turned into Tay Hohoff, her editor. Hohoff, who appears to have been a very fine editor indeed, encouraged her to take a different tack. After much rewriting, Lee emerged with her classic novel of race relations in a small Southern town. Thus, The Times's account suggests an alternate scenario: that Carter had been sitting on the discovery of the manuscript since 2011, waiting for the moment when she, not Alice, would be in charge of Harper Lee's affairs.

That's issue No 1. Issue No 2 is the question of whether Go Set a Watchman is, in fact, a "newly discovered" novel, worthy of the hoopla it has received, or whether it something less than that: a historical artifact or, more bluntly, a not-very-good first draft that eventually became, with a lot of hard work and smart editing, an American classic.

The Murdoch empire is insisting on the former, of course; that's what you do when you're hoping to sell millions of books in an effort to boost the bottom line.

But again, an alternative scenario suggests itself. Lee has said that she wanted to write a "race novel." Though her first effort had some fine writing, like many first-time novelists she also made a lot of beginners' mistakes: scenes that don't always add up, speeches instead of dialogue, and so on. So she took a character who was a racist in the first draft and turned him into the saintly lawyer Atticus Finch who stands up to his town's bigotry in defending a black man. He becomes the hero of To Kill a Mockingbird. (Which is also why it's silly to view the Atticus Finch of Go Set a Watchman as the same person as the Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird, as many commentators have done. Atticus is a fictional character, not a real person.) Lee still wound up with a race novel, which was her goal. But a different and much better one.

In one of her last interviews, conducted in 1964, Lee said: "I think the thing that I most deplore about American writing … is a lack of craftsmanship. It comes right down to this - the lack of absolute love for language, the lack of sitting down and working a good idea into a gem of an idea."

A publisher that cared about Harper Lee's legacy would have taken those words to heart, and declined to publish Go Set a Watchman, the good idea that Lee eventually transformed into a gem. That HarperCollins decided instead to manufacture a phony literary event isn't surprising. It's just sad.

©2015 The New York Times News Service