New technique could extend shelf life of protein drug

A recent study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reveals a new way to improve the stability of common protein drugs and extend shelf life.

Complex structures and poor chemical stability of biopharmaceuticals such as proteins, peptides and antibodies used to treat various illnesses and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and lymphoma can, over time, render drugs ineffective - the medicine simply becomes inactive.

The study, led by Matthew Webber, tested a novel route for non-covalent protein modification of insulin and glucagon, both used in treating diabetes, as well as an antibody drug used in treating leukemia, lymphoma and autoimmune disease.

The results demonstrated significant stability for this new additive.

"Our molecules interact with protein drugs reversibly, but when they are bound, they provide a protective shell," said Webber.

Adding, "This keeps the proteins from aggregating. This shell also protects the proteins from sticking to the wall of their storage vial, a major reason protein drugs become denatured and inactive."

Stability of insulin when formulated with the new additive increased from approximately 14 hours to over 100 days while maintaining complete activity even under stressed conditions.

"We are simulating stressed environmental conditions for storage," Webber said.

"So by keeping these drugs at elevated temperatures with agitation, we provide maximal stress to the formulation to understand the stabilizing effects of our additive on protein drugs," he added.

The glucagon samples, which typically lose stability in solution in under an hour, remained soluble for at least 24 hours.

The therapeutic antibody also maintained its activity when stressed.

"We have reason to believe this additive would be effective in many biopharmaceuticals beyond those evaluated in our research," Webber said.

However, researchers noted that "regulatory approval and financial support would be needed to for mass distribution and use - a process that could take several years or more.