The group said at least 13 people, including three children, were killed in government air strikes and shelling on the Eastern Ghouta area outside the capital Damascus.
Among the areas targeted was Douma, where the central market was hit, an AFP photographer said.
Government bombardment also hit two neighbourhoods of the rebel-held east of Aleppo city, where 15 people were killed, among them six children, the Observatory said.
Opposition-held neighbourhoods of Aleppo have been effectively under siege for the past two weeks, after government forces advanced to within firing range of the only remaining supply route into the east of the city.
The Observatory also reported that 23 civilians were killed in strikes and shelling in different parts of the northwestern province of Idlib.
It said 17 people, including five children, were killed in strikes on the town of Tal Manas but it was unable to confirm if the raids were carried out by the Syrian government or its Russian ally.
The monitor -- which relies on a network of sources inside Syria for its information -- says it determines what planes carried out raids according to their type, location, flight patterns and the munitions involved.
Elsewhere in Idlib, the monitor said three people had been killed in government shelling on the town of Badama, and another three people, including a child, in government air strikes on the town of Sarmada.
More than 280,000 people have been killed in Syria, and more than half the country displaced, since the conflict began with anti-government protests in March 2011.
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