The agreement comes after more than six years of investigations into Alstom by law enforcement in the US, Switzerland and Indonesia.
"Alstom's corruption scheme was sustained over more than a decade and across several continents," said Deputy Attorney General James Cole.
"It was astounding in its breadth, its brazenness and its world-wide consequences."
The record criminal penalty reflects in part what prosecutors say was as a failure by the company to disclose the misconduct or to cooperate with the investigation for several years, The Wall Street Journal reported.
Earlier in the day, a unit of Alstom and two employees were also charged by the Serious Fraud Office in the United Kingdom with bribing officials from 2002 through part of 2010.
Alstom Chief Executive Officer Patrick Kron said the company regretted "a number of problems in the past".
The settlement "allows Alstom to put this issue behind us and to continue our efforts to ensure that business is conducted in a responsible way, consistent with the highest ethical standards," he said.
Alstom and several subsidiaries paid the bribes and falsified records in connection with power and transportation projects in countries including Indonesia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the Bahamas, the department said.
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