The Gleaner said a retest of Carter's 'A' sample from the Beijing Games had found traces of the banned stimulant Methylexaneamine.
The result of retests of Carter's 'B' sample was not yet known, the Gleaner said citing "well-placed sources".
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The team took gold in what was then a new world record of 37.10 seconds, ahead of Trinidad and Tobago and Japan.
Carter was also a member of Jamaica's gold medal-winning relay teams at the 2011, 2013 and 2015 World Championships as well as the 2012 Olympic Games.
If Carter is subjected to doping sanctions, it could mean Bolt stands to lose his relay gold.
In previous doping cases where individual members of a medal-winning relay squad have tested positive, the whole team is stripped of their medal.
The United States men's 4x100m team were stripped of their silver medals from the 2012 Olympics after Tyson Gay's doping case.
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