That's almost half the troops used during last year's Olympic Games.
The decision partly fulfills Rio de Janeiro Gov. Luiz Fernando Pezao's request to have troops police the entire state until March 5.
Defense Minister Raul Jungmann told a news conference that soldiers are already on the streets.
"This is pre-emptive," Jungmann said, adding that security in the state was firmly under control and resources were sufficient. "We have protests here, but that has not stopped police from working."
The deployment of soldiers across Rio state could be extended for additional days if necessary, Jungmann said.
The move comes on the heels of a widespread protest by the relatives that military police officers said kept them from patrolling for a week and sparked a crime wave in neighboring Espirito Santo state.
Authorities there opened disciplinary proceedings today against dozens of officers.
Procedures have been initiated to fire 151 military police, said Gustavo Tenorio, a spokesman for the state's Public Safety Department. Another 10 will be opened later this week and investigations into four senior officers have been initiated.
Because military police play a key role in providing security in Brazil, they are not allowed to strike.
Authorities insist the officers were behind the protests and were effectively holding an illegal strike.
Several hundred military police have now returned to duty in Espirito Santo. Federal troops, called in at the height of the crisis, continue to help patrol.
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