It is the sixth anti-terrorism arrest in the past week involving travel to Turkey, which shares a border with Syria.
London's Metropolitan Police declined to say whether the latest arrest was linked to the conflict in Syria, where numerous Britons have travelled to fight with jihadi groups.
"It wasn't for any threat to the UK," a police spokesman told AFP.
The 21-year-old was stopped at Stansted at 8:40pm (2040 GMT) on Sunday after flying in from Istanbul via the German city of Stuttgart, police said in a statement.
Detectives have since carried out searches of three addresses in connection with the investigation, according to the statement, and inquiries are ongoing.
In another case this week, two 21-year-old men from Birmingham in central England were charged on Friday with travelling to Syria for the purposes of terrorism.
Mohammed Nahin Ahmed and Yusuf Sawar had been arrested at London's Heathrow Airport on January 13 on a flight back from Istanbul.
They appeared in court on Saturday, where the prosecutor claimed they travelled to Syria in May 2013 using one-way tickets to Turkey.
Sawar also said he had aspirations to join a group alleged to be linked to Al-Nusra Front, which is affiliated with Al-Qaeda, and left instructions to cancel his mobile phone contract and settle his debts, police said.
In an another unrelated case, another Birmingham man, also 21, was arrested on Friday on suspicion of attending a terrorist training camp in Syria. He was detained after flying back from Istanbul to London's Gatwick airport.
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