In recent years, China has muscled out Western nations from emerging economies, especially in Africa, but appears to be changing tack with the deal which was signed yesterday and branded as "historic" by French Prime Minister Manuel Valls.
The agreement, which was signed on a high-level three-day visit by Li to France, will see the two nations work together on infrastructure and energy projects and introduce "new forms of co-contracting, co-production and co-financing."
"It will help developing countries gradually move towards prosperity, it will help China find a market for its production capacity and also force China into upgrading its own industries domestically.
"China will also be able to learn from developed countries in this process and make itself more succesful in reducing energy consumption."
China, which has too many factories and is struggling with a slowdown in domestic demand, is pushing its companies to seek new markets abroad.
"Projects fitting into the global fight against climate change will also be encouraged," reads the accord.
"It is win-win," said a French official. "The Chinese have financial power, we have the know-how."
China has become Africa's largest trading partner in recent years where it has carried out massive infrastructure projects and its economic growth has been fuelled by natural resources from the continent.
But with Africa being home to seven of the world's fastest-growing economies, other Western nations are vying for a slice of the pie.
In Asia, the deal will allow for the opening of new markets for France, which is struggling to revive a moribund economy.
