Tian and Zhao's place in the competition has been taken by their compatriots, world number 7 Luo Ying and Luo Yu.
Zhao, however, will defend her mixed doubles gold medal with Zhang Nan.
The withdrawal will end Zhao's shot of becoming the first player to achieve a badminton Olympic 'double double' - a two-gold haul in successive Olympics.
The 29-year-old celebrated a double at the London Games partnering Tian Qing in women's doubles and Zhang Nan in mixed doubles.
Besides this, women's singles number 77 Akvile Stapusaityte of Lithuania lost her conditional reallocated position and will miss out on qualifying for Rio.
China have kept faith in their top two women's singles players -- London Olympic champion Li Xuerui and her finalist Wang Yihan.
While Wang Shixian, who missed the last Olympics, will not make it to Rio this time too despite being ranked 6 on the qualification date.
The badminton draw ceremony will be held on July 26 and the seedings will be based on the World Rankings of July 21.
The Olympic Games badminton competition will be held from August 11 to August 20.
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