Ecclestone, 83, has denies charges of bribery and abetting breach of trust over a $44 million (31.8 million euro) payment he made to former German banker Gerhard Gribkowsky, who has since been jailed.
Prosecutors charge the money was a bribe meant to ensure the German bank BayernLB sold its shares in Formula One to Ecclestone's preferred bidder, CVC Capital Partners, to maintain his control over the sport.
The trial in the southern city is scheduled to run for more than 20 court days, with a verdict expected in September. The maximum term for serious bribery cases is 10 years prison.
Ecclestone has denied plans to seek a plea bargain and insisted, "I'm going into this trial to prove my innocence of what I have been charged with".
The crux will be why he paid Gribkowsky millions in 2006 -- Ecclestone says he was blackmailed, the German banker says it was a bribe.
Ecclestone received a $66 million commission from Gribkowsky as part of the deal, then allegedly gave him back $44 million.
Prosecutors suspect this was meant to ensure that CVC would get the rights, to allow Ecclestone to maintain tight control over the Formula One business.
The F1 boss claims he paid Gribkowsky because the German was threatening to cause trouble for Ecclestone with British tax authorities.
"Right now, I'm the loser, because people are gossipping about me, without really understanding what it's about," Ecclestone recently told German broadcaster ARD.
