With each name and age read aloud inside the Invalides national monument, the toll gained new force. Most, as French President Francois Hollande noted, were under the age of 35, killed while enjoying a mild Friday night of music, food, drinks or sports. The youngest was 17. The oldest, 68.
Throughout Paris, French flags fluttered in windows and on buses in uncharacteristic displays of patriotism in response to Paris' second deadly terror attack this year. But the mood was grim, and the locked-down ceremony at the Invalides national monument lacked the defiance of January, when a million people poured through the streets to honor those killed by Islamic extremist gunmen.
France's military provided the only images of the ceremony, and no one without an invitation was permitted inside.
The night of November 13, three teams of suicide bombers and gunmen struck across Paris, beginning at the national stadium where Hollande was among the spectators and ending in the storming of the Bataclan concert venue. In all, 130 people died and hundreds were injured. The crowd at the stadium shakily sang France's national anthem as they filed outside that night; a military band played the Marseillaise again on Friday, lingering slightly on the refrain: "Aux armes, citoyens!"
"To all of you, I solemnly promise that France will do everything to destroy the army of fanatics who committed these crimes," Hollande said.
The speech was dedicated above all to the dead and France's young.
"The ordeal has scarred us all, but it will make us stronger. I have confidence in the generation to come. Generations before have also had their identity forged in the flower of youth. The attack of November 13 will remain in the memory of today's youth as a terrible initiation in the hardness of the world. But also as an invitation to combat it by creating a new commitment," he said.
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