At least 12,000 people, according to a police source, participated in the annual march to the US Embassy in Athens, remembering a historic event seen as a key moment in the restoration of democracy.
Another 13,000 demonstrated in Greece's second-largest city Thessaloniki, in the north of the country.
As always, the blood-stained flag that flew over the Athens Polytechnic on the night of November 17, 1973 was carried at the head of the Athens demonstration in memory of those who died.
Special traffic regulations had been in effect since early in the day, including the closure of central streets and metro stations as well as modifications in public transport routes.
"I was a student in France and watched all the events of the uprising on television. Forty years later, no one can separate (these events) from the drama Greeks experience today... The economic crisis has become unbearable," 63-year-old farmer Thodoros Psarras told AFP.
"Although 40 years have gone by, we now experience a greater dictatorship and no one is reacting," added 35-year-old self-employed engineer Nikitas Rondogiannis.
Greece is currently negotiating with its international creditors the release of a one-billion-euro (USD 1.3 billion) slice of financial aid from its rescue loans.
Talks with the so-called troika of creditors -- -- the European Union, International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank -- are expected to resume tomorrow, but according to a finance ministry source could "go on until Christmas".
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