US District Judge Richard Berman's written decision came days after government attorneys insisted they needed more time to comply with his September order granting the American Civil Liberties Union's Freedom of Information Act request.
The ACLU has said it wants to expose a flawed system that keeps thousands of detainees behind bars for long periods while their eligibility to remain in the country is adjudicated.
Berman wrote that the government "continues, quite obviously, to drag its heels in providing disclosure about immigrant detentions. Hopefully, it is not also trying to hide or obscure a distressing system or set of facts."
He said the Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General in February 2007 determined that required custody decisions were not made in more than 6 per cent of cases and were not timely more than 19 per cent of the time.
Berman said the government offered "very unpersuasive arguments" when it opposed the ACLU's original FOIA request nearly five years ago. The ACLU sued the government in federal court in Manhattan in 2011 to force it to turn over the documents.
He also said the letter "continues a troubling pattern of, at best," a loose interpretation of the court's September order requiring the government to turn over the documents.
In a letter to Berman in November, the government said it could provide 100 out of 22,000 immigrant detainee files within seven years. In a letter last week, the government said it could now provide 385 files within 15 months. Berman questioned if the government had "simply sought to move the goal posts."
