It was the latest in a series of raids carried out in recent months by forces loyal to controversial anti-Islamist general Khalifa Haftar, who was named head of the government's armed forces yesterday.
Airport spokesman Faouzi Milad said today's raids caused neither casualties nor damage.
The air force commander, General Sagr el-Jerouchi, said the raids had targeted Fajr Libya units inside the facility and had "also hit other militia positions in Tripoli."
Mitiga is the only airport still functioning in Tripoli, which was seized last summer by Fajr Libya, a coalition of militias in which Islamists play a major role.
Since then, the military airfield at Mitiga has been open to civilian traffic as well.
The raids come as a new round of UN-sponsored talks aimed at resolving the nation's political crisis is set to be held in Morocco on Thursday, after the internationally recognised parliament decided to end a boycott.
Libya has been awash with weapons since the 2011 uprising that toppled dictator Moamer Kadhafi, and opposing militias have since been battling for control of its cities and oil wealth.
It has two rival governments and parliaments -- those recognised by the international community sitting in the far east of the country and the others in the capital.