Christian Morales was arrested on Friday night and charged with aggravated harassment and committing a hate crime in connection with the attack on Prabhjot Singh, a professor at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs.
Morales was produced in court yesterday.
While the investigation is still ongoing, he is the only person in custody, the New York Police Department said.
Singh, 31, was assaulted last September by a group of 20-30 young men while he was walking in the Harlem neighbourhood near here.
While in hospital, Singh had told the police that his assailants had taunted him and beat him, calling him "Osama" and "terrorist" as they pulled at his long beard.
He was repeatedly punched in the face and head.
Singh was returning from dinner, dropping his wife and one-year-old son at home before going for a walk.
While being attacked, he saw one of the assailants put his arm inside his coat as if reaching for a gun.
"If I could speak to my attackers, I would ask them if they had any questions, if they knew what they were doing. May be invite them to the Gurudwara where we worship, get to know who we are... Make sure they have an opportunity to move past this as well," Singh had said.
The New York police had released a surveillance video of the suspects believed to be involved in the attack.
Singh, who has lived in the city for 10 years, had said he would not be deterred from his goal of engaging with communities to educate and uplift people to make them become better human beings.
There is need to understand "who gave these kids the green light to hate."
"These sort of things are not who we are. This is not an America that I recognise," he had said.
In 2012, Singh had written an op-ed in the New York Times days after six Sikh persons were killed in a tragic shooting at a Wisconsin Gurudwara in August.
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