Mysterious Mariana Trench 'biotwang' may be baleen whale call

A mysterious sound in the Mariana Trench - the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans - likely represents the discovery of a new baleen whale call, scientists say.
Lasting between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds, the five-part call includes deep moans at frequencies as low as 38 hertz and a metallic finale that pushes as high as 8,000 hertz.
Researchers at Oregon State University in the US who recorded and analyzed the sound named it the 'Western Pacific Biotwang'.
"It's very distinct, with all these crazy parts. The low-frequency moaning part is typical of baleen whales and it is that kind of twangy sound that makes it really unique," said Sharon Nieukirk, research assistant at Oregon State.

Recorded via passive acoustic ocean gliders, which are instruments that can travel autonomously for months at a time and dive up to 1,000 meters, the Western Pacific Biotwang most closely resembles the so-called "Star Wars" sound produced by dwarf minke whales on the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast of Australia, researchers said.
The Mariana Trench, the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans, lies between Japan to the north and Australia to the south and features depths in excess of 36,000 feet.

Minke whales are baleen whales - meaning they feed by using baleen plates in their mouths to filter krill and small fish from seawater - and live in most oceans.

They produce a collection of regionally specific calls, which in addition to the 'Star Wars' call include "boings" in the North Pacific and low-frequency pulse trains in the Atlantic.
"We don't really know that much about minke whale distribution at low latitudes," said Nieukirk.
"The species is the smallest of the baleen whales, doesn't spend much time at the surface, has an inconspicuous blow, and often lives in areas where high seas make sighting difficult," he said.
Nieukirk said the Western Pacific Biotwang has enough similarities to the Star Wars call - complex structure, frequency sweep and metallic conclusion - that it is reasonable to think a minke whale is responsible for it.

However, scientists can not yet be sure and many other questions remain. For example, baleen whale calls are often related to mating and heard mainly during the winter, yet the Western Pacific Biotwang was recorded throughout the year.
"If it's a mating call, why are we getting it year round? That's a mystery," said Nieukirk.
"We need to determine how often the call occurs in summer versus winter, and how widely this call is really distributed," he said.
The call is tricky to find when combing through recorded sound data, because of its huge frequency range. Typically acoustic scientists zero in on narrower frequency ranges when analyzing ocean recordings, and in this case that would mean not detecting portions of the Western Pacific Biotwang.